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Annuit cœptis
''Annuit cœptis'' (; in classical Latin: (:ˈannuit ˈkoi̯ptis)) is one of two mottos on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States. (The second motto is ''Novus ordo seclorum''; another motto appears on the obverse side of the Great Seal: ''E pluribus unum''.)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=E Pluribus Unum - Origin and Meaning of the Motto Carried by the American Eagle )〕 Taken from the Latin words ''annuo'' (third-person singular present or perfect ''annuit''), "to nod" or "to approve", and ''coeptum'' (plural ''coepta''), "commencement, undertaking", it is literally translated, "() favors our undertakings" or "() has favored our undertakings" (''annuit'' could be in either the present or perfect tense).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Annuit Coeptis - Origin and Meaning of the Motto Above the Pyramid & Eye )〕
== On the Great Seal ==
In 1782, Sam Adams created the third Congress and appointed a design artist, William Barton of Philadelphia, to bring a proposal for the national seal.〔MacArthur, John D. (2011). ("Third Committee" ). Retrieved 11-25-2011.〕 For the reverse, Barton suggested a thirteen-layered pyramid underneath the Eye of Providence. The mottos which Barton chose to accompany the design were ''Deo Favente'' ("with God's favor", or more literally, "with God favoring") and ''Perennis'' ("Everlasting"). The pyramid and ''Perennis'' motto had come from a $50 Continental currency bill designed by Francis Hopkinson.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Third Committee's Design for the Great Seal - 1782 )〕 (The note can be seen here, and the pyramid portion here.)
Barton explained that the motto alluded to the Eye of Providence: "''Deo favente'' which alludes to the Eye in the Arms, meant for the Eye of Providence."〔Papers of the Continental Congress, item 23, folios 137-139.〕 For Barton, Deus (God) and The Eye of Providence were the same entity.
When designing the final version of the Great Seal, Charles Thomson (a former Latin teacher) kept the pyramid and eye for the reverse side but replaced the two mottos, using ''Annuit Cœptis'' instead of ''Deo Favente'' (and ''Novus Ordo Seclorum'' instead of ''Perennis''). When he provided his official explanation of the meaning of this motto, he wrote:
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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